Experimental use of dog-training shock collars to deter depredation by gray wolves

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald N. Schultz ◽  
Kenneth W. Jonas ◽  
Lesa H. Skuldt ◽  
Adrian P. Wydeven
Keyword(s):  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Dog Training ◽  
Experimental Use

scholarly journals Homozygosity for Mobile Element Insertions Associated with WBSCR17 Could Predict Success in Assistance Dog Training Programs

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Dhriti Tandon ◽  
Kyra Ressler ◽  
Daniel Petticord ◽  
Andrea Papa ◽  
Juliana Jiranek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Dog Training ◽  
Assistance Dogs ◽  
Separation Distress ◽  
Assistance Dog ◽  
Behavioral Assays

Assistance dog training programs can see as many as 60% of their trainees dismissed. Many training programs utilize behavioral assays prior to admittance to identify likely successful candidates, yet such assays can be insconsistent. Recently, four canine retrotransposon mobile element insertions (MEIs) in or near genes WBSCR17 (Cfa6.6 and Cfa6.7), GTF2I (Cfa6.66) and POM121 (Cfa6.83) were identified in domestic dogs and gray wolves. Variations in these MEIs were significantly associated with a heightened propensity to initiate prolonged social contact or hypersociability. Using our dataset of 837 dogs, 228 of which had paired survey-based behavioral data, we discovered that one of the insertions in WBSCR17 is the most important predictor of dog sociable behaviors related to human proximity, measured by the Canine Behavioral Assessment Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ©). We found a positive correlation between insertions at Cfa6.6 and dog separation distress in the form of restlessness when about to be left alone by the owner. Lastly, assistance dogs showed significant heterozygosity deficiency at locus Cfa6.6 and higher frequency of insertions at Cfa6.6 and Cfa6.7. We suggest that training programs could utilize this genetic survey to screen for MEIs at WBSCR17 to identify dogs with sociable traits compatible with successful assistance dog performance.

The Implementation and Effectiveness of an Assistance Dog Training Intervention for PTSD

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Alvarez ◽  
Rick Yount ◽  
Melissa Puckett ◽  
Caroline Wyman ◽  
Caitlin McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Intervention ◽  
Dog Training ◽  
Assistance Dog

A PROVERBS TEST FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL USE

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (g) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD R. GORHAM
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Use

Is Pre-College Interpersonal Trauma Associated with Cannabis Use?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrell A Hicks ◽  
Daniel Bustamante ◽  
Kaitlin E Bountress ◽  
Amy Adkins ◽  
Dace S Svikis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Year ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
First Year College ◽  
Large N ◽  
First Year College Students ◽  
Experimental Use

Objective: To examine the prevalence and correlates of lifetime cannabis use (i.e., experimental [use 1-5 times] and non-experimental [use ≥ 6 times]) in relation to demographics, interpersonal trauma (IPT), and alcohol and nicotine use.Participants: A large (n = 9,889) representative sample of college students at an urban college campus in the southeastern part of the United States.Methods: Participants were 4 cohorts of first-year college students who completed measures of demographic variables, cannabis, alcohol, nicotine, and IPT. Associations were estimated using multinomial logistic regressions.Results: The prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 45.5%. Specifically, 28.1% reported non-experimental cannabis use and 17.4% reported experimental cannabis use. Race, cohort, nicotine, and IPT were associated with experimental and non-experimental cannabis use. Additionally, alcohol and sex were associated with non-experimental cannabis use.Conclusions: Results show that cannabis use is prevalent among college students and is associated with race, IPT, and other substance use.

ON THE PREPARATION OF HUMAN INSULIN FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE*

1949 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM FRANKLIN ◽  
FRANCIS C. LOWELL
Keyword(s):  
Human Insulin ◽  
Experimental Use

scholarly journals A candidate gene identified in converting platycoside E to platycodin D from Platycodon grandiflorus by transcriptome and main metabolites analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinglong Su ◽  
Yingying Liu ◽  
Lu Han ◽  
Zhaojian Wang ◽  
Mengyang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponin ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Platycodin D ◽  
Polysaccharide Content ◽  
Saponin Biosynthesis ◽  
Polysaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Experimental Use

AbstractPlatycodin D and platycoside E are two triterpenoid saponins in Platycodon grandiflorus, differing only by two glycosyl groups structurally. Studies have shown β-Glucosidase from bacteria can convert platycoside E to platycodin D, indicating the potential existence of similar enzymes in P. grandiflorus. An L9(34) orthogonal experiment was performed to establish a protocol for calli induction as follows: the optimal explant is stems with nodes and the optimum medium formula is MS + NAA 1.0 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L to obtain callus for experimental use. The platycodin D, platycoside E and total polysaccharides content between callus and plant organs varied wildly. Platycodin D and total polysaccharide content of calli was found higher than that of leaves. While, platycoside E and total polysaccharide content of calli was found lower than that of leaves. Associating platycodin D and platycoside E content with the expression level of genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis between calli and leaves, three contigs were screened as putative sequences of β-Glucosidase gene converting platycoside E to platycodin D. Besides, we inferred that some transcription factors can regulate the expression of key enzymes involved in triterpernoid saponins and polysaccharides biosynthesis pathway of P. grandiflorus. Totally, a candidate gene encoding enzyme involved in converting platycoside E to platycodin D, and putative genes involved in polysaccharide synthesis in P. grandiflorus had been identified. This study will help uncover the molecular mechanism of triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis in P. grandiflorus.

scholarly journals Genomic Characterization of the Three Balkan Livestock Guardian Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Mateja Janeš ◽  
Minja Zorc ◽  
Maja Ferenčaković ◽  
Ino Curik ◽  
Peter Dovč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Autosomal Snps ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Genomic Characterization

Balkan Livestock Guardian Dogs (LGD) were bred to help protect sheep flocks in sparsely populated, remote mountainous areas in the Balkans. The aim of this study was genomic characterization (107,403 autosomal SNPs) of the three LGD breeds from the Balkans (Karst Shepherd, Sharplanina Dog, and Tornjak). Our analyses were performed on 44 dogs representing three Balkan LGD breeds, as well as on 79 publicly available genotypes representing eight other LGD breeds, 70 individuals representing seven popular breeds, and 18 gray wolves. The results of multivariate, phylogenetic, clustering (STRUCTURE), and FST differentiation analyses showed that the three Balkan LGD breeds are genetically distinct populations. While the Sharplanina Dog and Tornjak are closely related to other LGD breeds, the Karst Shepherd is a slightly genetically distinct population with estimated influence from German Shepard (Treemix analysis). Estimated genomic diversity was high with low inbreeding in Sharplanina Dog (Ho = 0.315, He = 0.315, and FROH>2Mb = 0.020) and Tornjak (Ho = 0.301, He = 0.301, and FROH>2Mb = 0.033) breeds. Low diversity and high inbreeding were estimated in Karst Shepherds (Ho = 0.241, He = 0.222, and FROH>2Mb = 0.087), indicating the need for proper diversity management. The obtained results will help in the conservation management of Balkan LGD dogs as an essential part of the specific grazing biocultural system and its sustainable maintenance.

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